"Structure of a C Program" explores the layout and essential components of a typical C program, including #include directives, the main() function, variable declarations, and statements. Understanding structure is key to writing and organizing code efficiently.

"Conditional Statements" like if, else if, else, and switch are used to make decisions within C programs. This module teaches how to implement decision-making logic to control the program flow based on conditions.

This topic covers the three primary loop structures in C: for, while, and do-while. Loops allow repeated execution of code blocks and are essential for tasks like processing arrays and performing repetitive calculations.

"Functions in C" focuses on how to create reusable blocks of code. It covers function declaration, definition, and invocation, as well as the concept of scope and parameter passing (by value).

"Arrays and Strings" explores how to store collections of data. Arrays hold elements of the same type, while strings are arrays of characters. This topic covers declaration, initialization, and manipulation techniques.

"Pointers" are variables that store memory addresses. This module teaches how to use pointers for referencing and dereferencing variables, pointer arithmetic, and understanding memory layout.

"Dynamic Memory Allocation" introduces functions like malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free() to allocate and manage memory at runtime. Students learn how to create flexible programs that use memory efficiently.

"Structures and Unions" allow grouping different data types under one name. Structures are used for creating custom data types, while unions enable memory sharing among fields. These are crucial for data organization in real-world applications.

This module covers file operations such as reading from and writing to files using fopen(), fclose(), fscanf(), fprintf(), and file pointers. Students learn how to process and store data persistently.

"Preprocessor Directives" in C include #define, #include, #ifdef, and #ifndef. These are processed before compilation and are used for macros, file inclusion, and conditional compilation.

This topic explains how C programs can accept inputs directly from the command line using the argc and argv parameters in main(), enhancing flexibility and usability in real-world applications.

"Recursion" is the process where a function calls itself. This topic explores how recursion works, common use cases such as factorials and Fibonacci sequences, and how to manage recursion depth and performance.

"Error Handling" introduces techniques to manage unexpected situations in C programs. It covers return codes, errno, perror(), and strerror() functions to handle and display errors effectively.

"Debugging and Testing" teaches students how to find and fix bugs using tools like gdb and debugging techniques such as breakpoints, watchpoints, and logging. Unit testing strategies for C are also introduced.

"Projects" allow students to apply their learning in practical scenarios. They will build real-time applications such as mini compilers, file management systems, calculators, or games. These hands-on projects demonstrate the power of C and help students build a portfolio.